The battle led to the English losing almost all their holdings in France, especially Gascony ( Aquitaine), an English possession for the previous three centuries. Castillon was a major European battle won through the extensive use of field artillery. Talbot then refused to withdraw even after realizing the strength of the French position, causing his men to suffer severe casualties from the French artillery.
On the day of the battle, the English commander, John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury, believing that the enemy was retreating, led his army in an attack on a fortified French encampment without waiting for reinforcements.
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